ABSTRACT
Background: Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) is considered the gold standard of cardio-pulmonary and muscle cell fitness. Reduced cardiopulmonary fitness is associated with increased cardiovascular disease. Low cardio respiratory fitness in young adults has emerged as an important factor for developing cardiovascular comorbidies later in middle age. Obesity is a serious & widespread problem globally. Increased body fat as predicted by body mass index is an additional factor for developing cardiovascular diseases. Aims & Objective: The current study was designed to evaluate cardio respiratory fitness in terms of VO2max in young healthy males and to correlate between obesity and cardio respiratory fitness. Material and Methods: Sixty young healthy male subjects in the age group of 18 to 22 years were included in this study group. Body mass index was measured as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters square. Cardio respiratory fitness in terms of VO2max was predicted by following the protocol of Treadmill Jogging Test (TMJ). Results: There was a highly significant negative correlation between obesity and VO2max, r= -0.88 p<0.05. In contrast, obesity shows a highly significant direct correlation with Treadmill Heart Rate, r=0.80 p<0.05. Conclusion: The result suggests that the reduced cardiac performance during progressive work rate exercise in obese individuals. Greater the BMI, more severe will be the functional impairment, suggesting excessive amount of body fat on cardio respiratory functions and oxygen uptake by working muscles.
ABSTRACT
Ostracods are small crustaceans found in aquatic habitats and the present paper deals with the role of water quality index on their population diversity and seasonal fluctuations in the four lakes of Mysore city. The present investigation was carried out from July 2004 to June 2005. The study revealed highest water quality index and population density of ostracods during summer and least during winter. Dalvoi lake recorded higher water quality index (125.04), population density (60 l(-1)) but lower species diversity (2 species) of ostracods, whereas Kamana lake recorded lowest water quality index (63.49), population density (40 l(-1)) and highest species diversity (6 species) of ostracods. Increase in the water quality index indicates increase in the pollution load. As water quality index (WQI) increases, population density of ostracods increases but species diversity decreases.
Subject(s)
Animals , Biodiversity , Crustacea/classification , Environmental Monitoring , Fresh Water/chemistry , India , Population Density , Population Dynamics , Seasons , Water Pollution/analysisABSTRACT
Ostracods are small crustaceans found in aquatic habitats and the present paper deals with the role of water quality index on their population diversity and seasonal fluctuations in the four lakes of Mysore city The present investigation was carried out from July 2004 to June 2005. The study revealed highest water quality index and population density of ostracods during summer and least during winter Dalvoi lake recorded higher waterquality index (125.04), population density (60 l(-1)) but lower species diversity (2 species) of ostracods, whereas Kamana lake recorded lowest water quality index (63.49), population density (40 l(-1)) and highest species diversity (6 species) of ostracods. Increase in the water quality index indicates increase in the pollution load. As water quality index (WQI) increases, population density of ostracods increases but species diversity decreases.
Subject(s)
Animals , Crustacea/physiology , Environmental Monitoring/methods , Fresh Water , Water Pollutants/analysisABSTRACT
The people of Kallahally and nearby villages are drinking Kabini river water because of ground water pollution caused by the release of industrial effluent from Jubilient Pharmaceutical Industry. To know the potability of Kabini river water, water samples were collected from 3 sites for six months, i.e. from October 2004 to March 2005 and analyzed for parameters such as pH, Dissolved Oxygen, free carbon dioxide, total hardness, total alkalinity, calcium, magnesium, chloride, COD, BOD, TDS and total acidity. The mean values of these parameters were compared with WHO, ICMR and ISI standards. Out of 12 analyzed parameters, 9 parameters were considered for the computation of water quality rating and water quality index. Except dissolved oxygen (DO), other parameters were found within the permissible limits. DO was found below the prescribed standard. The water quality indices of upstream, Kallahally and downstream were found 58.6, 67.82 and 69.63 respectively. This clearly indicated that, the pollution load increase as the river flows further. The river water was found safe for human consumption.